Socket 8 / Slot 1 / Socket 370 Motherboards
Socket 8
This is the initial platform used for the P6 architecture, the Pentium Pro CPU. It was primarily used for workstations and servers, and mostly ignored by home users. Motherboards and the CPU itself were pricey, and Pentium Pro is not necessarily a significant improvement for typical home user applications. In the worst case, running 8/16-bit code, the PPro can be slower than a Pentium at the same clock speed. In the best case with 32-bit code or heavy FPU operation, it far outperforms Pentium.
For gamers the PPro was an exciting development. Its various improvements were highly beneficial for emerging 3D games. It can occasionally outperform the bottom Pentium II models.
The initial chipsets, 450KX/GX, are not ideal for gaming because of PCI deficiencies. It is best to use a later 440FX-based board. It is also a good idea to try the FastVid utility when playing SVGA DOS games because PCI throughput can be dramatically improved. Windows 9x video drivers usually take care of this though.
Slot 1
Slot 1 was Intel's successor to Socket 7 and brought the P6 architecture to the home market. CPUs come in a cartridge which contains the CPU chip, cache chips and a cache controller. Later CPUs like Celeron "Mendocino" have on-die cache and thus the cartridge became unnecessary and so Slot 1 was replaced with Socket 370.
Intel 440FX was the first Slot 1 chipset. It was originally designed for Pentium Pro and there are boards with both Socket 8 and Slot 1. 440FX lacks AGP, SDRAM support, and its IDE interface is limited to 16MB/s.
440LX introduced AGP, SDRAM support, and UDMA33. It still has a 66MHz FSB limit. The fastest CPU's that will work are the Pentium II 333MHz (or a Pentium II 400MHz downclocked to 366MHz), the Slot 1 Celeron 433MHz (though faster Celerons can be installed with the use of a slotket) or a downclocked Pentium III with the Katmai core (which will be recognised as a Pentium II usually by the BIOS). Other solutions are to use a special type of slotket that lets one use a Tualatin-core Celeron which will be underclocked also, but will provide a speed up to around 1000MHz. Some of the 440LX motherboards had issues with powering more modern AGP graphics cards.
The 440BX is an evolution of 440LX and was very popular. BX boards officially support 100MHz FSB, though many motherboard manufacturers feature other FSB speeds for overclocking. BX also supports up to 1GB of SDRAM.
440BX chipset notes:
- It doesn't support memory modules greater then 256MB.
- It's AGP slot requires 3.3v support from the AGP card.
- Overclocking the FSB to 133MHz will overclock the AGP bus to an out of spec 89MHz. PCI can remain at 33MHz with proper BIOS configuration.
- Not all BX motherboards will work with Coppermine CPUs and none support Tualatin without an adapter.
There are some other chipsets that feature Slot 1, the i820 chipset and several VIA chipsets. The i820 chipset is designed to support only RDRAM and only 1.5v AGP, although some motherboards feature special RDRAM to SDRAM bridge chip. Using the bridge significantly affects memory bandwith and overall performance. VIA chipsets tend to be less stable but have some advantages compared to BX because some feature AGP 2/4x, 133 MHz FSB and support for larger SDRAM memory modules.
Most Slot 1 boards are made in the ATX form factor but some AT versions have been made.
Socket 370
Socket 370 was originally made as a budget CPU socket. Later it became Intel's main CPU Socket until the release of the Pentium 4, after which it moved to the budget end of the market again before being phased out altogether.
A wide variety of CPU's exist for this socket, ranging from the 333MHz Celeron (with Mendocino core) all the way to the Pentium III-S 1400MHz (also known as Tualatin-S). VIA also made a variety of CPU's for this socket, though compatibility is somewhat sketchy.
As this CPU socket went through a few revisions, not all Socket 370 CPU's will work in any given Socket 370 motherboard. Generally speaking there are 3 different types of motherboards using this socket: the early Celeron Mendocino-only motherboards (usually limited to a 66MHz FSB), the Coppermine capable motherboards (having a maximum FSB of either 100MHz or 133MHz) and the Tualatin capable motherboards. Sometimes Tualatin capable motherboards have their CPU socket colored blue instead of the usual white.
To prevent usage of newer CPU's in older motherboards, Intel switched a couple pins around to prevent operation of Coppermine CPU's in the earliest Celeron-only boards and Intel repeated that trick when it started manufacturing Tualatin CPU's. This prevented the use of later chips in older motherboards, even if the right (lower) voltage could be supplied by the motherboard.
Usually Socket 370 boards have AGP, unless an IGP is present. All of them had PCI slots and the older types of Socket 370 motherboards had ISA slots. Almost all Socket 370 motherboards are ATX (though a few AT Socket 370 motherboards are known to exist). Only very few Tualatin motherboards featured one or 2 ISA slots. Usually the Intel 815 motherboards had no ISA slots, except when the motherboard was equipped with a bridge chip. The bridge chip may cause some problems when using ISA sound cards.
